KCSE Past Papers 2021 History and Government Paper 1

 KCSE Past Papers 2021 History and Government Paper 1

KCSE Past Papers 2021 History and Government Paper 1

KCSE Past Papers 2021 History and Government Paper 1

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the space provided after question 24.

1. Identify two linguistic groups in Kenya.(2 marks)

2. State two ways in which the Agikuyu interacted with the Akamba during the pre-colonial period.(2 marks)

3. Give the main economic activity of the Plain Nilotes during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)

4. Highlight two factors which led to the increase in demand for slaves along the East African Coast during the 19th Century.(2 marks)

5. Name the document which contains the Bill of Rights for Kenyan citizens.(1 marks)

6. Give the meaning of the term ‘conflict’.(1 marks)

7. Identify the type of constitution that is used in Kenya.(1 marks)

8. Identify two colours of the national flag in Kenya.(2 marks)

9. State two causes of the Bukusu resistance against the British.(2 marks)

10. Identify the Cushitic community which attacked the Bantu at Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period.(1 marks)

11. Name the political party that led Kenya to independence. (2 marks)

12. State one common political characteristic of the National Philosophies in Kenya. (1 mark) 13. Give two types of elections held in Kenya.(2 marks)

14. Highlight two branches of the National Government of Kenya.(2 marks)

15. Give one reason for the adoption of African Socialism in Kenya.(1 marks)

16. Identify the commission that recommended cost-sharing in education sector in Kenya. (1 mark)

17. State two ways in which the National Government of Kenya spends its recurrent expenditure.(2 marks)

SECTION B (45 marks)

Answer any three questions from this section in the space provided after question 24.

18. (a) State five causes of migration of the Highland Nilotes into Kenya during the pre-colonial period.(5 marks)

(b) Describe the social organisation of the Borana in the l9th Century. (10 marks)

19. (a) Identify five categories of special groups of people whose rights are enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya. (5 marks)

(b) Explain five challenges faced by African political organisations in Kenya up to 1939.(l0 marks)

20. (a) Highlight five features of the independence Constitution of Kenya. (5 marks)

(b) Discuss five factors which led to the collapse of the Imperial British East African Company (IBEAC) in 1894. (10 marks)

21. (a) State five characteristics of independent churches during the colonial period in Kenya.(5 marks)

(b) Explain five roles played by women in the Mau Mau liberation movement in Kenya. (12 marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)

Answer any 2 questions from this section

22. (a) Give the three members of the Executive Committees of County Governments in Kenya. (3 marks)

(b) Discuss six functions of a County Governor in Kenya.(12 marks)

23. (a) State the Composition of the Cabinet in Kenya.(3 marks)

(b) Explain six functions of the National Assembly in Kenya.(12 marks)

24. (a) Name the three branches of the Kenya Defence Forces.(3 marks)

(b) Discuss six functions of the Kenya Police Service.(12 marks)

History& Government Paper:311 /1 KCSE 2021 Marking Scheme Section A (25 MARKS)

1.Identify two linguistic groups in Kenya

i) Bantu

ii) Nilotes

iii) Cushites

2.State two ways in which the Agikuyu interacted with the Akamba during the Pre-colonial period

i) Through intermarriage

ii) Through trade

iii) Through warfare

iv Through raiding

v) Through sporting activities/wrestling

3. Give the main economic activity of the plain nilotes during the pre-colonial period

Pastoralism /Livestock keeping

4. Highlight two factors which led to increase in demand for slaves along the East African Coast during the 19 century

i) Demand for cheap African labour in Portuguese/French plantations

ii Demand for domestic workers in Arab world/Arabia

iii) Establishment of plantation agriculture at the Coast

5. Name the document that contains the Bill of Rights for Kenyan Citizens

The constitution of Kenya

6. Give the meaning of the term ‘conflict’

It is a situation where people/groups/countries are involved in a disagreement/fight/war between people/state of disharmony

7. Identify the type of the constitution used in Kenya

Written

8. Identify two colors of the national flag in Kenya

i) Green

ii) White

iii) Red

iv) Black

9. State two causes of the Bukusu resisistance against the British

i) They were against imposition /recognition of Nabongo Mumia as their leader

ii) They were opposed to British demand to surrender their guns

ii) They wanted to safeguard their independence

iv) They were opposed to taxation

They detested the European interference with their cultural practices

10. Identify the Cushitic community which attacked the Bantu at Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period

Oromo/Orma/Galla/Wagalla

11. Name the political party that led Kenya to Independence

The Kenya National African Union (KANU)

12. State one common political characteristic of the National Philosophies in Kenya

i) They promote Nationalism/patriotism

ii) They promote national unity/cohesion

iii) They promote democratic practices

13. Give two types of elections held in Kenya

i) General elections

ii) By-elections

14. Highlight two branches of the National Government of Kenya

i) Legislature/ parliament(Not National Assembly /Senate)

ii) Judiciary

iii) Executive

15. Give one reason for the adaptation of the African Socialism in Kenya

i)The desire to promote unity in the country

ii)The desire to create a society free from inequality/oppression/racism

iii)The desire to create just/humane society

16 identify the commission that recommended cost sharing in education sector in Kenya

The Kamunge Commission

17. State two ways in which the National Government of Kenya spends its recurrent expenditure

i) It repairs/maintains infrastructure

ii) It establishes /maintains security organs

iii) It pays salaries for state/public officers

iv ) It services domestic/external debts

v) It maintains foreign embassies

vi) It provides for social services/health care/education/cash transfers to elderly

vii) It caters for emergencies

viii) Contributes to international organizations i.e UNO,COMESA,AU,EA

18. a) State five causes of migration of the Highland Nilotes into Kenya during the pre-colonial period(5 marks)

i) There was outbreak of diseases

ii) There was population pressure

iii) Due to their love for adventure/spirit of adventure/curiosity

iv)Due to natural calamity/drought/famine

v) They were searching for land for cultivation

vi)They were running away from hostile neighbors/external attacks

vii) Due to internal conflicts /family feuds

viii) They were searching for pasture/water

b )Describe the social organization of the Borana in the 19th century (10 marks)

i) It was a patrilineal society where first born son inherited the fathers property

ii) Basic social unit was a family with the most senior married man as the head of the family

iii) They practicised circumcision for boys which marked a higher stage in life

iv) It had ageset system/Gada which comprised of people initiated at the same period

v) They practiced polygamous and exogamous marriage where one would marry from a different clan

vi) They were religious/worshipped God called Wak/Waq who was the creator of the universe

vii) They had religious leaders/Qaalu through whom they worshipped their God

viii)They performed social ceremonies/marriages/religious rituals/offering sacrifices to mark/celebrate important events in life/community

ix) Women were incharge of household chores/built houses/cared for the children/Division of labour

x) The society was divided into clans consisting of related families

xi) Related/unrelated families lived in camps

19 a) Identify five categories of special groups of people whose rights are enshrined in the constitution of Kenya (5 marks)

i) The youth

ii) Persons living with disabilities

iii) Children

iv) The minority/marginalized

v) Older members of the society

vi)The Arrested/detained/held in custody/imprisoned

b) Explain five challenges faced by African political organization in Kenya up to 1939 (10marks)

i)The leaders/members were arrested deported in order to disconnect them from the people/curtail their political activities.

ii) Their members were harassed by colonial authorities through the introduction of Kipande system/to

monitor their movements

iii) They experienced leadership wrangles/competition which weakened their fabric/undermined their activities

iv) They lacked the requisite/necessary leadership experiences/skills which made them less effective

v) Some of them were banned/proscribed by the colonial government (Kikuyu Central Association) thus hindering their operations

Vi )Disunity /Tribalism/ethnicity among the organizations which facilitated divide and rule scheme by the colonial government.

20 a) Highlight five features of the independence constitution of Kenya (5marks)

i) It provided for the position of the head of stte/Governor General

ii) It provided for a Bicameral government/Senate and the House of Representative

iii) It provided for a public service commission/civil service

iv) It provided for automatic citizenship for all Kenyans

v) It provided for a coalition government/power sharing between political parties

vi) It provided for multipartism

vii) It created an independent/impartia judiciary/judicial service commission

viii) It provided for regional/majimbo/federal system of government

ix) It created an independent Electoral Commission/Electoral Commission of Kenya

x) It provided for the Bill of Rights

xi) It provided for the position of the Prime Minister who was the head of Government

b) Describe five factors which led to the collapse of the Imperial British East African Company(IBEAC)in 1894 (10marks)

i)Resistance by Africans who undermined the company’s operations

ii) There was poor communication between it and the Head office in Britain hence poor coordination of activities.

iii) There was lack of strategic natural resources/minerals for export leading to poor/weak revenue base

iv) Many of the company officials lacked requisite/necessary administrative skills/experience

v) Inadequate finds made it difficult for it to effectively carry out its operations

vi) Poor transport/lack of navigable rivers hampered movement of goods/administrators

vii) Corruption among some company officials led to misappropriation /loss of funds/resources

viii) Some company personnel experienced health challenges/tropical diseases/harsh climatic conditions which made them less productive

ix) Rivalry from German East African Company(GEACO) which hindered its operations

x) The area was too vast for the few officials to manage

21 a) State five characteristics of the independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period (5marks)

i) They worked closely with the African political associations

ii) They opposed the westernizing influence of the missionaries

iii) They allowed the practice of African culture/values

iv) Positions of leadership were held by Africans

v) Most of the founders were educated/trained by the missionaries

vi) They had their following from rural masses

vii) They retained some of the aspects of mainstream churches in Kenya

b)Explain five roles played by women in the MAUMAU Liberation movement (10marks)

i)They acted as spies/provided intelligence/information to MAUMAU fighters by befriending the home guards/passed information to fighters.

ii) Some women took up arms/fought alongside men

iii) They coordinated supplies/food/weapons/medicine for MAUMAU fighters

iv) They encouraged people to join/continue with the struggle

v) They composed/sang songs to mobilize/support/motivate fighters/ridicule collaborators

vi) They participated in the administration of oaths which bound the fighters to stay on course

vii) They cared /managed the families as men went into the forest to fight

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

22 a) State three members of the County Executive Committee of County Governments in Kenya(3 marks)

i)County Governor

ii)Deputy County Governor

iii) Members appointed by the Governor

b) Discuss six functions of the County Governor in Kenya (12 marks)

i)he/ she is the Chief Executive of the county as public servants in the county Government are accountable to him/her

ii)He/she appoints members of County Executive Committee who are Chief Officers in charge of various departments in the County Government

iii)He/she assigns responsibilities to the Deputy Governor who is his/her principal assistant in the running of the county

iv)He supervises the County Executive Committee members to ensure service delivery in the respective departments

v)He/she assents to the bills which have been passed by the County Assembly into by-laws

vi)He/she is in charge of implementation of the county and National legislations in his/her respective county

vii)Delivers state/county address in the County Assembly

viii)Submits to the County Assembly plans/policy approvals

ix)In the event of death /resignation/impeachment of a sitting governor ,the new governor will appoint

a deputy governor

23 a)State the composition of the cabinet in Kenya(3 Marks)

i)The president

ii)The Deputy president

iii)The Attorney General

iv)Cabinet secretaries

b) Explain six functions of the National Assembly in Kenya (12 marks)

i)It makes/amends laws of the land which are used to govern the country

ii)It determines the allocation of public revenue between the National government and the County Governments

iii)It represents the interests of the people through their elected members.

iv)It deliberates on national/international issues of concern with a view of addressing them

v)It exercises oversight over public revenue and its expenditure through its watchdog committees

/Parliamentary Accounts Committee/Public Investment Committee

vi)It checks the conduct of public/state officers/president/Deputy president/other state officers/can initiate the process of removing them if need be.

vii)It approves declaration of war/state of emergency

viii)It vets senior government/public officers appointed by the president/presidential

nominees/appointees before they take office.

ix)It participates in National budget marking by scrutinizing sources of revenue/expenditure by National government

24 a)Name the three branches of the Kenya Defense Forces (3 marks)

i)The Kenya Army

ii)The Kenya Air Force

iii)The Kenya Navy

b) Discuss six functions of the Kenya Police Service (12 marks)

i)It liaises with international police/Interpol in order to prevent/combat international crime

ii)It maintains law/order by arresting law breakers

iii)It controls crowds during public gatherings so as to ensure peace

iv)It entertains the public during national days/madaraka Day/ Mashujaa Day/Jamhuri Day through mounting parades

v)It confines suspected criminals in custody/cells as they wait to be arraigned in court

vi)It regulates traffic by directing/arresting traffic offenders/inspecting vehicles to determine their roadworthiness

vii)It conducts driving tests for trainee drivers/recommends persons to be issued with driving licenses by

National Transport Safety Authority(NTSA)

viii)It investigates reported crime/suspected crime with a view to gathering evidence to help in court cases

ix)It protects property/government installations/provides security to senior government officers/VIPs/VVIPs

x)Prevent corruption and promotion